![]() ![]() government would remove impediments to the export of vaccine raw materials to India as part of a set of actions to assist that country. The Biden administration recently announced that U.S. Export blockages on raw materials, equipment, and finished products hurt the overall output of the vaccine supply chain, and in the medium term, everyone loses as a result. The market for vaccine materials includes consumables, single-use reactors bags, filters, culture media, and vaccine ingredients. Manufacturing the Covid-19 vaccine portfolio is complex and requires specialized production capacity, including reagents and equipment produced by U.S. We recommend four tactics to address existing problems and expand global supplies of Covid-19 vaccines. ![]() For example, India is the world’s largest manufacturer of vaccines, but the following issues have contributed to the drastically low availability of Covid-19 vaccines in that country: inadequate advanced purchasing, insufficient government investment in expanding manufacturing capacity, and inadequate coordination regarding the doses flowing from the factory to vaccination sites, information on how much is needed, and the provision of money for buying vaccines. While having more capacity may ease the situation, it is not necessarily sufficient to achieve high vaccination coverage equitably. The events of 2021 reinforce the need for governments to conduct scenario planning to inform procurement and pricing negotiations and distribution planning. Unfortunately, many of those actions didn’t happen, which partly explains the current supply-demand mismatch around the world. In April 2020, we shared how to prepare for an equitable global deployment of a portfolio of Covid-19 vaccines by making investments in available technology and infrastructure. ![]() It is clear that this vaccine nationalism was shortsighted. The early competitive procurement of vaccines by the United States and other high-income countries has fed a widespread assumption that each country will be solely responsible for its population, a stance that has sparked protests outside Moderna’s headquarters in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The manufacturing of Covid-19 vaccines and auxiliary supplies has emerged as a daunting global challenge. The horrific situation in India underscores the need to expand investment and coordination of the worldwide supply chain and the infrastructure for responding to future pandemics. We can take actions now to add order to the vaccine market, mitigate bottlenecks, and increase the global supply of and access to the portfolio of Covid-19 vaccines. ![]() However, economic models of vaccine manufacturing indicate many countries won’t be likely to achieve widespread immunization until the end of 2022. Therefore, the only way to end the pandemic is global vaccination. That’s because as long as large populations around the world remain unvaccinated, variants of the virus will continue to emerge, including some that might be able to evade existing vaccines. The scarcity of Covid-19 vaccines in many countries around the globe puts everyone in the world in peril. ![]()
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